Equitable and Efficient International Schemes to Control Carbon Dioxide Emissions
نویسندگان
چکیده
We examine three noncooperative “global warming games” where carbon dioxide emissions and transfers are determined. An international agency implements transfers from rich to poor nations. In each game, the transfer mechanism obeys a predetermined equity principle – horizontal, proportional or “green GNP.” Participation in each transfer scheme is voluntary. We find that implementable horizontal and proportional equity schemes are Pareto efficient. The green equity scheme, however, is generally inefficient. Unlike the others, our proposed proportional equity scheme is necessarily implementable – all nations always choose to participate. We conclude that proportional equity transfer schemes may be powerful instruments in controlling global warming. JEL Classification: C72, D62, D78, H41, H77, Q28. Acknowledgements: Caplan thanks the John B. Goddard School of Business for summer research support which led to the completion of this manuscript.
منابع مشابه
An Equitable, Efficient, and Implementable Scheme to Control Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions
متن کامل
Modeling of Combustion and Carbon Oxides Formation in Direct Injection Diesel Engine
When looking at the effects of diesel engine exhaust on the environment, it is important to first look at the composition of the exhaust gases. Over 99.5% of the exhaust gases are a combination of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. With the exception of carbon dioxide, which contributes about 5% of the total volume, the diesel engine exhaust consists of elements which are part of...
متن کاملEconomic and Environmental Factors Determining the Amount of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the MENA Countries
Abstract: The gradual warming of the earth and its negative environmental and economic impacts contributed to pay attention to sustainable development considerably. Since climate change is a major cause of greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2, countries are seeking to prevent the rapid growth of emissions to reduce global climate change. Accordingly, and considering the importance of the sub...
متن کاملEffect of Government Size on Environmental Pollution in Iran
Given the importance of the issue and the undeniable role of the environment in the community's life, in this research, it is attempted to test the hypothesis of the relationship between the government size and composition of government expenditure (Current and developmental) on carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during 1971-2016 based on autoregressive distributed lag approach. To better explain...
متن کاملMeasurement and Analysis of Green Energy Economy Indicators in Iran (Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Emission and its Elasticity)
Achieving sustainable economic growth is one of the most important goals of countries' economic programs and policies in the current era. Along with economic growth, consumption of energy rises. Since fossil fuels provide a major share of the world's energy, increased fuel consumption is an inevitable feature of economic growth. Continuation of this trend increases greenhouse gas emmissions, n...
متن کامل